ex post facto

Thân thiện

A new law was passed, but it cannot be applied ex post facto.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Retroactive; enacted or effective from a past date: Describes a law, rule, or decision that applies to events or actions that occurred before it was formally established. It implies a backward-looking effect.

Usage

• The term is used almost exclusively in formal, legal, and academic contexts to describe legislation, regulations, or judgments.
• It is typically placed before a noun (e.g., an law) or used predicatively.
• It carries a negative connotation in many legal systems, as retroactive criminal laws are often prohibited.

Examples

• Adjective:
  • The court ruled that the new penalty was an unconstitutional ex post facto law.
  • Applying the new ethical standards ex post facto to past research was controversial.

Advanced Usage

• Legal Principle: In many jurisdictions, particularly under the U.S. Constitution, laws are forbidden. This principle protects individuals from being punished for actions that were legal when committed.
  • The prohibition of ex post facto laws is a cornerstone of modern legal systems.

Variants and Related Words

• Retroactive (adj): Having effect from a date in the past. This is a more common synonym.
  • The company issued a retroactive pay raise.
• Retrospective (adj): Looking back on or dealing with past events. It can be similar but is often used in non-legal contexts (e.g., art exhibitions, analysis).
  • The museum held a retrospective of the artist's work.

Synonyms

• Retroactive
• Retrospective (in some contexts)

Antonyms

• Prospective: Applying to the future; effective from a specified future date.
  • The new policy is prospective, affecting only future contracts.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. affecting things past
   • retroactive tax increase
   • an ex-post-facto law
   • retro pay

Từ đồng nghĩa

• retroactive
• retro